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Manchester Metropolitan University sleep deprivation study
An excerpt from chapter 1 of Left in the Dark that includes data from the only sleep deprivation or brain function experiment ever to study subjects on a long term primate like raw diet.
This kind of nutrition is rich in a unique cocktail of powerful chemicals that shaped the early development and structure of the brain as well as regulated its function. In addition the same cocktail provided the building materials and fuel for the most complicated piece of equipment we know. It is accepted that these chemicals were present 24/7 for tens of millions of years during the evolution and development of the brain. The untested presumption is that these factors are not relevant when conducting research into how the brain works. (see Theory of human evolution pdf below)
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Plant Chemicals
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Oestrogen Dependent Cancer
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Do we have an evolutionary predisposition to oestrogen dependent cancer and ASD? These draft summaries provide an evolutionary context that could revolutionise our understanding of these and other hormonally related traits and conditions. |
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| Food for thought: the role of dietary flavonoids in enhancing human memory, learning and neuro-cognitive performance Jeremy P. E. Spencer |
Emerging evidence suggests that dietary-derived flavonoids have the potential to improve human memory and neuro-cognitive performance via their ability to protect vulnerable neurons, enhance existing neuronal function and stimulate neuronal regeneration. | |
| Flavonoids: modulators of brain function? Jeremy P. E. Spencer | Emerging evidence suggests that dietary phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, may exert beneficial effects on the central nervous system by protecting neurons against stress-induced injury, by suppressing neuroinflammation and by improving cognitive function. | |
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Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Breast Cancer Risk among Women on Long Island. |
Flavonoids are found in a variety of foods and have anticarcinogenic properties in experimental models. Few epidemiologic studies have examined whether flavonoid intake is associated with breast cancer in humans. In this study, the authors investigated whether dietary flavonoid intake was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in a population-based sample of US women. | |
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Overview of Dietary Flavonoids: Nomenclature, Occurrence and Intake. Gary R. Beecher |
ABSTRACT Flavonoids and their polymers constitute a large class of food constituents, many of which alter metabolic processes and have a positive impact on health. | |
| Flavonoids: some of the wisdom of sage? G.A.R. Johnston & P.M. Beart | Extracts from plants are used in herbal medicine as sedatives and tranquilizers. It is very likely that the active ingredients in some of these extracts are flavonoids possessing remarkable activity for g-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors. | |
| Blueberries 'reverse memory loss' BBC NEWS | Eating blueberries can reverse memory loss and may have implications in the treatment of diseases like Alzheimer's, University of Reading scientists claim. | |
| The Effects of Plant Flavonoids on Mammalian Cells:Implications for Inflammation, Heart Disease,and Cancer. Elliott Middleton, Jr.,Chithan Kandaswami, and Theoharis C. Theoharides |
Flavonoids were abundant in our evolutionary diet for millions of years, their hormonal and neuroactive properties were an integral part of our biochemistry significantly modifying the activity of our hormones and neural function. |
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| Soy formula can reduce testosterone levels | This article demonstrates the principle of plant hormones to significantly alter key growth and development windows. While Soya is not likely to have been an influence in the evolution of our brain, hormones similar to those found in Soya were abundant in our forest diet for millions of years. While I do not condone the feeding Soya to infant primates the hormonal effects it produces may have been normal for most of our evolutionary past. | |
| Fruit for health: the effect of flavonoids on humoral immune response and food selection in a frugivorous bird |
An intriguing study highlighting the instinctive preference for flavonoid rich fruit in birds. |
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Compounds from soy affect brain and reproductive development
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Further demonstration of the permanent effects induced by the presence plant hormones during foetal development, as discussed elsewhere Soya flavonoids are unusually powerful as are their effects. | |
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Induction of Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Flavonoids Is Associated withTheir Ability to Inhibit Fatty Acid Synthase Activity |
Increasing interest in the role flavonoids may play in the prevention and treatment of cancer, links to more recent papers via this site | |
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Instant insight: Nature's fruitful chemistry |
Interesting research demonstrating the kinds of biochemical changes that occur when the seed is ready for dissemination and the nutritional quality of the fruit increases. |
Nutrition/Diet
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Micronutient intakes of wild primates: are humans different?
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Dr Katharine Milton has studied the eating habits of our closest living relatives and published papers on the nutritional composition of a typical primate diet. |
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Nutritional Characteristics of Wild Primate Foods: Do the Diets of Our Closest Living Relatives Have Lessons for Us? |
Dr Katharine Milton has studied the eating habits of our closest living relatives and published papers on the nutritional composition of a typical primate diet.
Visit her publications page for more relavent papers. |
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| Archaic versus modern diets | A somewhat technical summary looking at the problems caused by the relatively sudden switch in the human diet. No comment on how this might affect the developing brain but at least it's suggesting that such major and rapid changes can have serious implications. | |
| The Best Medicine |
An article by science writer and biologist Colin Tudge highlighting the biochemically impoverished lives we now lead compared to our ancestors, the key section is highlighted in bold type. |
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| Study Of Raw Vegetarian Diet | A rare study of humans eating a raw diet, it highlights the inability of research based on a 'normal' cooked diet to predict the biochemical effects of a raw diet. | |
| Construction Materials | This early draft chapter was omitted from ‘Left in the Dark’ as the depth of preconception around 'food' and 'nutrition' etc risked the book being too easily categorised/dismissed as just another diet book. | |
| Dental Microwear and Diet of the Plio-Pleistocene Hominin Paranthropus boisei. | The use of dentition to predict diet in fossil hominids has thrown up several contradictory theories, this paper highlights some of the current thinking. As ever several possible interpretations. One might be... if thick enamel/large jaws/teeth etc are in many cases adaptive for seasonal or occasional fallback/survival situations and whenever possible softer nutrient high fruit is preferred then what can be inferred from species with relatively thin enamel and a fine jaw and small teeth? Possibly that for evolutionary time scales there was very little if any requirement to eat fall back foods? |
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| Age at puberty linked to mother's prenatal diet |
Further demonstration of the permanent effects of diet during foetal development.
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Delusion Anosognosia
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Hollow mask illusion fails to fool schizophrenia patients. |
Anosognosia, a psychological condition that is an integral part of the 'normal' functioning in the left side of our brain. The orthodox view is that Anosognosia is adaptive, could it be a symptom of degeneration? | |
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A brief introduction to 'Anosognosia' |
Anosognosia, a psychological condition that is an integral part of the 'normal' functioning in the left side of our brain. The orthodox view is that Anosognosia is adaptive, could it be a symptom of degeneration? | |
| On the perception of incongruity Bruner and Postman 1949.
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A simple experiment in perception that further highlights the inability of the left side of the brain to perceive reality and an inability to update its reality in the face of overwhelming evidence, see under the heading dominance reactions. |
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| Anosognosia, another example | Another example of what happens when the left side of the brain is left in charge | |
| Anosognosia re Schizophrenia | This document provides an overview of the left brains delusion in regard to and as part of its dysfunction. If we were all suffering from a neurological condition affecting the left side of our brain and our perception is dominated by its sense of reality how would we know??? | |
| Mind controlling parasites in your brain ? | Perhaps the idea that you could be suffering from delusion is a bit far fetched, here is an example of how easily our perception can be altered without our knowledge. Watch this intriguing video or download the pdfs |
Split Brain/Cerebral Dominance
| Savant Syndrome: An Extraordinary Condition. A Synopsis: Past, Present, Future. Darold A. Treffert, MD |
An excellent overview of savant syndrome with particular reference to the neurological evidence supporting a partial switch from the left to the right side of the brain to explain some of the phenomenal abilities that emerge. |
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| Brief split brain introduction | A very short summary with diagrams | |
| Savant for a day | The following article contains a snapshot of the research into latent function in the right hemisphere. Despite the intrigue these experiments have created the results are still considered within the framework of adaptive selection. The 'highly advanced' and 'specialised' left hemisphere is pressumed to have traded its savant like skills for speech and conceptual thought (rather than reality). Of course these are the conclusions of the dominant left hemisphere mmmme, ever wondered why the left can speak yet the right can sing? | |
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation |
A brief introduction to TMS |
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| Weird behaviour, creativity linked. | Research that supports the claim for 'creativity' being a right brain function | |
| Creative and Noncreative Problem Solvers Exhibit Different Patterns of Brain Activity, Study Reveals | New study adds further evidence to support the idea of creative thinking being a right hemisphere function. | |
| Evolution of cerebral dominance | This article suggests the theory that the specialist skills ascribed to the left hemisphere are not selected adaptations as generally presumed. | |
| Whorf hypothesis is supported in the right visual field but not the left |
Both of these studies highlight the dominance of the left brain and language in how we perceive the world. If there is a flaw in this arrangement then our current perception of colour (and everything else) may be seriously limited. For example there are countless reports of colours being perceived much more intensely during spontaneous or induced altered states. Are these experiences simply a glimpse of how colour at least would be perceived with a more fully functional brain. |
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| Do Infants See Colors Differently? | ||
| Brain tumor opens her mind to art A life of math and science changes course after surgery By Carol Smith |
Another case of damage to the left releasing complex function in the right, the standard theory of hemispheric co-operation is cited in the article despite the apparent contradictions this and other cases imply. |
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| Can You Recognize People By Their Voices? Case Study Of Phonagnosic ScienceDaily Oct. 28, 2008 |
If speech is the crowning glory of the rational left brains specialised evolution it seems a little odd that it does not have the ability to recognise voices without input from the 'normally' taciturn right brain. |
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| Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, so the saying goes, and this is certainly true of the different ways men and women appreciate art, research from the University of California has shown. Daily Telegraph |
Further neurological evidence for cerebral asymmetry and of most interest the way it manifests between the genders. The standard adaptive explanation is of course the product of cerebral asymmetry, you may need to read 'Left in the Dark' to understand what that means. |
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The Row Of Our Times
Joseph Serra, Devon, Sept. 2007 |
An astute overview of the typical ‘psychological’ incompatibilities between the genders, while culturally conditioned behavioural expectations are undoubtedly part of the problem, any underlying neurological origins of such behaviour and psychology will need to be addressed if a solution is to emerge. |
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Add in another insightful perspective from the noted Darwinian philosopher and rationalist Dr Helena Cronin and it starts to get a little easier to join the dots.... |
From the emergence of the patriarchal/dominator culture and all the happy times that has brought us to Venus and Mars theories re gender differences it is apparent that there are some serious issues to resolve. However attempting to address these differences while presuming they are adaptive behavioural traits will make little progress. If the variation is hard wired during early neural development and the variation in its symptomolgy relates to variation in cerebral asymmetry then addressing the structural integrity and cerebral imbalance is where the solution lies. |
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Evolutionary Origins of Your Right and Left Brain
By Peter F. MacNeilage, Lesley J. Rogers and Giorgio Vallortigara |
One of the most common questions I get asked is ‘Why is the left side of our brain more hormonally retarded than the right?’ |